The Heart of CNC is Motion Control

What is exactly is motion control?

Motion control can be applied into various categories including CNC machines, robotics and kinematics.

This can be used widely into textile, packaging, printing, assembly industries and also in semiconductor production. A Motion control machine consists of the following hardware: a) A computer b) Motors c) A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) d) Drive systems e) An amplifier The design of Motion control system include a motion controller that work towards producing a set of points including a drive for signal control conversion into a high powered electric current, closing of a position, feedback sensors, actuator and certain mechanical components to facilitate actuators in conversion of motion towards a desired motion.

CNC machines widely use programmable commands in order to make the process of motion in-put in a machine easier. All CNC machine tools consist of programmable Motion control type such as the axes to move, the amount of motion and the feedback rate. Motion control can be defined as the simplest function of a CNC machine. This is accurate, constant and automatic control system. All CNC machines require two or more than two sources of direction to play on axes.

Linear axes and rotary axes are the two most common types of axis. The linear axis type can be driven in a straight line whereas the rotary axis type is driven on a circular path. The machine operating on Motion control is different. The operator of such a machine needs to count the total number of revolutions created on the handwheel and add the generations of the dial to come up with exact positioning.

The drive motor of a CNC machine need to be rotated to a specific amount that would easily rotate a lead screw and thereafter drive the movable jaw in the vise table. The feedback device present at the ball screw tip would actually confirm its revolutions. You can find similar linear motion on the vise of a table. As soon as you rotate the crank of the vise, it would rotate a lead screw and then drive the table vise’s movable jaw. The linear axis of a Motion control CNC machine can be compared to that of a vise of a table.

This is due to the revolution counts of the CNC machine’s axis drive motor that accurately controls the linear motion amount along the axis. A CNC command is programmed and then executed in a Motion control CNC machine. This would indicate the machine’s drive motor and the number of rotations it would give. This facilitates the rotation of the ball screw which thereafter would drive linear axis.

Once the process is initiated, a feedback device can be easily located at the ball screw’s end to confirm rotation number that has been programmed and let the machine run as desired. How can we control axis motion? Using a certain type of coordination system will make the task of controlling simpler and more logical towards the CNC control. The rectangular system and polar coordinate system are the two widely used coordinate systems in CNC machines. The rectangular system is more popular.

Graphing is known to be the most common application for the rectangular coordinate Motion control system and is required to cause movement in a CNC machine.

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